Drying and salting send different messages

The basic circuit of the IC: tectothalamic neurons with different patterns of synaptic organization send different messages to the thalamus

The inferior colliculus (IC) in the midbrain of the auditory system uses a unique basic circuit to organize the inputs from virtually all of the lower auditory brainstem and transmit this information to the medial geniculate body (MGB) in the thalamus. Here, we review the basic circuit of the IC, the neuronal types, the organization of their inputs and outputs. We specifically discuss the large...

Supplemental Information Mixed-Linkage Ubiquitin Chains Send Mixed Messages

Effects of Salting and Drying on the Deterioration Rate of Fermented Parkia biglobosa Seed

Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com one of the oldest forms of food preservation known to man [2]. Microorganisms require certain basic nutrients for growth and maintenance of metabolic functions. The amount and type of nutrients required depends on the microorganism. These nutrients include water, a source of energy, nitrogen, vitamins, and minerals [3,4]. Shelf life is defined as th...

Female preferences for acoustic and olfactory signals during courtship: male crickets send multiple messages

Males can produce complex sexual signals, often in different sensory modalities. The information conveyed by multiple signals, and the degree to which multiple signals interact in influencing female mating decisions, is not well understood. Male crickets produce 2 signals during courtship, an acoustic signal or courtship song, and a contact olfactory signal in the form of a blend of hydrocarbon...

Colourful stripes send mixed messages to safe and risky partners in a diffuse cleaning mutualism.

The steps by which neutral, random and/or negative biological interactions evolve into mutualistic ones remain poorly understood. Here, we study Elacatinus gobies and the 'client' fishes they clean. Colourful stripes are common to mutualist cleaners and noncleaning sister species. Blue stripes are unique to cleaners and are more conspicuous to predators than are basal yellow or green stripes. I...